Matrices

Matrix

A rectangular array of numbers arranged in rows and columns.

EnglishMatrix
Bahasa MelayuMatriks
中文矩阵

How it is used

If A = (2 1; 3 4) and B = (1 0; 5 2), both are 2×2 matrices, so you can add them: A + B = (3 1; 8 6), adding element by element in the same position.

Where it shows up in SPM

The opening idea of the Matrices chapter (Form 5). In Paper 1 you identify a matrix or its order; in Paper 2 you set up a matrix to represent real data, such as prices or quantities, before adding, subtracting or multiplying.

Don't confuse it with

DeterminantA matrix is a whole array of numbers, while a determinant is a single number worked out from a square matrix.
ElementAn element is one number inside the matrix, whereas the matrix is the full arrangement of all those numbers.

Open the chapter: Matrices →

Frequently asked questions

Can I add any two matrices together?

No. Two matrices can only be added or subtracted if they have the same order, for example both 2×2.

You then add the numbers in matching positions. A 2×2 and a 2×3 matrix cannot be added because their shapes differ.

How do I say the size of a matrix?

State the number of rows first, then columns, as rows × columns. A matrix with 2 rows and 3 columns is a 2×3 matrix.

Rows go across; columns go down. Always keep this order, since a 2×3 is different from a 3×2 matrix.

Related terms

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