Number Bases

Base eight (octal)

A number system using the digits 0 to 7, where each place is a power of eight.

EnglishBase eight (octal)
Bahasa MelayuAsas lapan
中文八进制

How it is used

To convert 57 base eight to base ten, use powers of eight: 5×8 + 7 = 40 + 7 = 47. So 57₈ = 47₁₀.

Where it shows up in SPM

Base eight is one of the three named bases in the Number Bases chapter (Form 5). Paper 1 tests conversions between base eight and base ten or binary; Paper 2 may route a conversion through binary, since three binary digits make exactly one octal digit.

Don't confuse it with

Binary (base two)Base eight packs three binary digits into one, so 111₂ equals 7₈; converting via this grouping is faster than going through base ten.
Number baseBase eight is one particular base; the general term 'base' just names whichever counting system, whether two, five, eight or ten, you are working in.

Open the chapter: Number Bases →

Frequently asked questions

Why is base eight called octal?

'Oct' means eight, so octal is simply the base-eight system that uses the digits 0 to 7. In SPM you may see either name, but the working is the same: each column is a power of eight.

How do I convert binary straight to base eight?

Group the binary digits into threes from the right, then read each group as an octal digit. For 101110₂, group as 101 110, which is 5 and 6, giving 56₈.

Add leading zeros if the last group is short.

Related terms

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