Quadratic Functions and Equations in One Variable

Coefficient

The number multiplying a variable; in ax² + bx + c the coefficients are a, b and c.

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How it is used

In 3x² − 7x + 4, the coefficient of x² is 3, the coefficient of x is −7, and the constant term is 4. So when you use the formula, a = 3, b = −7 and c = 4.

Where it shows up in SPM

A basic idea used across algebra, but critical here for reading a, b, c correctly (Form 4). In Paper 1 sign errors on the coefficient of x are a common trap; in Paper 2 the coefficient a fixes the shape and the discriminant depends on all three.

Don't confuse it with

Constant termA coefficient multiplies a variable (the 3 in 3x²), while the constant term c stands alone with no variable attached.
VariableThe variable is the changing letter such as x; the coefficient is the fixed number placed in front of it.

Open the chapter: Quadratic Functions and Equations in One Variable →

Frequently asked questions

Is the coefficient of x in x² − 7x equal to 7 or −7?

It is −7. The coefficient always includes the sign in front of the term, so the minus belongs to it.

Getting this wrong flips the sign of b and gives the wrong discriminant and wrong roots.

If there is just x², what is its coefficient?

The coefficient is 1, because x² means 1 × x². Similarly a lone x has coefficient 1.

Writing the invisible 1 explicitly helps when substituting into the quadratic formula.

Related terms

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