Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data

Range

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set.

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How it is used

For the daily temperatures 28, 30, 31, 33 and 35 °C, the range is 35 − 28 = 7 °C, the gap between the hottest and coolest readings.

Where it shows up in SPM

In Measures of Dispersion for ungrouped data as the simplest measure of spread. Paper 1 uses it for a fast one-mark answer; Paper 2 uses it as a first comparison before the more informative standard deviation.

Don't confuse it with

Standard deviationThe range uses only two values and ignores the rest, while the standard deviation accounts for how every value spreads around the mean.
Interquartile rangeThe range spans the full data from smallest to largest, while the interquartile range trims off the extremes and keeps the middle half.

Open the chapter: Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data →

Frequently asked questions

How do I calculate the range?

Subtract the smallest value from the largest. You do not need to order the whole list; you only need to identify the maximum and minimum.

For 28, 30, 31, 33, 35 the maximum is 35 and the minimum is 28, so the range is 7.

Why is the range called a weak measure of spread?

Because it depends on just two values and ignores everything in between. Two data sets can share the same range yet be spread very differently, so the standard deviation or interquartile range usually gives a more reliable picture.

Related terms

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