Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data

Median

The middle value when the data is put in order.

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How it is used

For 3, 7, 8, 11, 15 the median is the middle value, 8. For an even set 4, 6, 8, 10 it is the mean of the two middle values, (6+8)/2 = 7.

Where it shows up in SPM

In Measures of Dispersion for ungrouped data, where it is the second quartile Q2 needed for the interquartile range, and in Measures of Central Tendency. Paper 1 tests it as a quick reading from an ordered list.

Don't confuse it with

MeanThe median is the positional middle after ordering, while the mean is the arithmetic average; they are equal only when the data is symmetric.
ModeThe mode is the most common value; the median depends on order and position, not on how often a value repeats.

Open the chapter: Measures of Dispersion for Ungrouped Data →

Frequently asked questions

Must I sort the data before finding the median?

Yes, always. The median is defined by position, so the values must be in ascending or descending order first.

Reading the middle of an unsorted list is the most common mistake and gives the wrong answer.

How do I find the median for an even number of values?

Take the two middle values and find their average. For 4, 6, 8, 10 the middle pair is 6 and 8, so the median is (6+8)/2 = 7.

The median can therefore be a value that is not in the data set.

Related terms

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